A Research on Cochlear Implant

A Research on Cochlear Implant A cochlear implant is an electronic device that is used by the deaf or persons with problems of hearing. The device is usually implanted in the ear to ensure that one is able to sense sounds within the environment. The main components contained in the cochlear implant include a microphone, speech processor, transmitter and an electrode array (Clark, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on A Research on Cochlear Implant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The microphone receives various sounds from the environment and this is then transmitted to the speech processor which ensures proper selection and arrangement of sound. The transmitter helps to convert the sounds into electric impulses which are eventually sent to the various parts of the auditory nerve. The purpose of having a cochlear implant is to provide hearing for the deaf persons especially those with affected sensory hair cells. It facilitates the unde rstanding of sounds of speech in an appropriate way. Young children, who need special education, have been able to learn speeches and sounds by using this device. It facilitates the understanding of various environmental sounds by old people with hearing problems. Cochlear implants work by stimulating the auditory nerve in a very complex manner. It generates different signals through the auditory nerve and then directs them towards the brain (Clark, 2009). The brain recognizes these signals and records them as sound. This process requires one to learn on how to detect and understand the environmental sounds after which he can comfortably hear them. The current cost of the device ranges is about $5,000 and this may even go as high as $10,000. For the replacement of this device, it is done after every 10 years depending on the extent of its usage. There are various costs associated with cochlear implantation which include costs before operation, costs during the surgery, post-operatio nal costs, programming costs, daily expenses as well as the costs of rehabilitation. Preoperative costs may include medical expenses, other audio logical evaluations, costs incurred for a CT scan, and costs associated with the various trials carried out to check the hearing conditions of patients as well as therapy.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other costs related to the surgical operations and procedure are those of acquiring the implant device, other related components supplied as well as surgeons’ fees paid by the patient. The costs incurred after operations can be very high in the process of programming which is usually done several times and the average costs incurred in may vary from one patient to another. The risks associated with the use of this device include the requirements for shaving the hair cells before an implant is made and this ma y affect the hearing of the patient permanently. The quality of sound is not as effective as the natural ear and young children may not understand some sounds as they need to learn on how to use it for a given period of time. The audiologists and language pathologists should be used at every stage during the learning process. Another risk that has been reported is that the operation involved may also damage the facial nerve. Many researchers and scientists are looking for innovative ways of designing a very small device that can be implanted internally and even provide a very clear sound transmission. The main manufacturers of the device are MED-EL, Neurelec Company and Cochlear Limited Company. The device has been supported by many deaf communities due to the benefits associated with its use. This has changed the lives of the deaf persons in understanding various environmental sounds (Clark, 2009). Due to the advancements in technology, the device is expected to solve problems of i ntegrating it with the use of sign language. Reference Clark, G. (2009). Cochlear implants: Fundamentals and applications. New York, NY: Springer.

Memorize the First 20 Elements on the Periodic Table

Memorize the First 20 Elements on the Periodic Table If you take a chemistry class there is an excellent chance you will be required to memorize the names and order of the first few elements of the periodic table. Even if you dont have to memorize the elements for a grade, it is helpful to be able to recall that information rather than look it up every time you need it. Memorize Using Mnemonic Devices Here is a mnemonic you can use to help make the memorization process easier. The symbols for the elements are associated with words that form a phrase. If you can remember the phrase and know the symbols for the elements then you can memorize the order of the elements. Hi! - HHe - HeLies - LiBecause - BeBoys - BCan - CNot - NOperate - OFireplaces - F New - NeNation - NaMight - MgAlso - AlSign - SiPeace - PSecurity - SClause - Cl A - ArKing - KCan - Ca List of the First 20 Elements You can devise your own way of memorizing the first 20 elements. It may help to associate each element with a name or a word that makes sense to you. Here are the names and symbols of the first elements. The numbers are their atomic numbers, which is how many protons are in an atom of that element. Hydrogen - HHelium - HeLithium - LiBeryllium - BeBoron - BCarbon - CNitrogen - NOxygen - OFluorine - FNeon - NeSodium - NaMagnesium - MgAluminum (or Aluminium) - AlSilicon - SiPhosphorus - PSulfur - SChlorine - ClArgon - ArPotassium - KCalcium - Ca

The Great Gatsby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

The Great Gatsby - Essay Example Therefore, the story symbolizes the 1920s America with more focus on the collapse of the American dream in an era of extraordinary prosperity and material excess. Fitzgerald depicts the 1920s as a period of decayed social as well as moral values supported by the empty pursuit of pleasure, overarching cynicism in addition to greed. For instance, â€Å"Tom was evidently perturbed†¦Saturday night. He came to Gatsby party†, â€Å"†¦it stands out in my memory from Gatsby’s other parties that summer (Fitzgerald 67). The parties actually resulted in the corruption of the American dream. This is because the uncontrolled desire for pleasure and money exceeded more righteous goals. Jordan in the story admits loving big parties, â€Å"Anyhow he gives large parties†, â€Å"And I like large parties† (Fitzgerald 45). Gatsby never bothered sacrificing his life and reputation in order to secure wealth thereby being in a position to marry Daisy. The ladies while moving close to Gastby’s house assert that he is a bootlegger, â€Å"He’s a bootlegger† (Fitzgerald 53). Moreover, Buchanan’s passion for wealth, pleasure, and money drove her into marrying Tom. For instance, in the book, the author asserts, â€Å"she wanted her life shaped now, immediately – and the decision must be made by force – of love, of money †¦with arrival of Tom† (Fitzgerald 96). After the end of the World War I in 1918, the generation of the youthful Americans who had participated in the war became intensely disenchanted and hopeless. The atrocious carnage they had experienced had eroded the Victorian social morality of the early twentieth century since America appeared stuffy and full of empty hypocrisy. The shaky rise of the stock market in the aftermath of the World War resulted in a sudden and sustained rise in the national wealth coupled with newfound materialism. This is because individuals began to use and consume at exceptional levels. For instance,

IFRS(or IAS) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IFRS(or IAS) - Essay Example Following a series of recent discussion after the collapse of some large companies such as the Enron a recent discussions of the United States (US) financial reporting include implicit or explicit recommendations that the U.S. abandon the current allegedly "rules-based" system in favor of a "principles-based" system, with the implication that some or all of the current difficulties facing U.S. financial reporting would be alleviated or even eliminated by such a shift (Chand 2005). In addition, Section 108 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 instructs the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to conduct a study on the adoption of a principles-based accounting system (Chand 2005). International accounting standards (IAS 36) requires companies to test assets for impairment. Basically, the standard requires that tangible assets should be tested for impairment when there is an indication that an asset might be impaired. (Epstein and Jermacowicz, 2007). IAS 36 Impairment of Assets was issued in March 2004. It is applied to goodwill and intangible assets acquired in business combinations after 31 March 2004, and to all other assets for annual periods beginning on or after 31 March 2004. IAS 36 prescribes the procedures that an entity applies to ensure that its assets are carried at no more than their recoverable amount. According to Epstein and Jermacowicz, (2007), IAS 36 applies in accounting for impairment of all assets other than : - Inventories (IAS 2 Inventories); - Assets arising from construction contracts (IAS 11 Construction Contracts); - Deferred tax assets (IAS 12 Income Taxes); - Assets arising from employee benefits (IAS 19 Employee Benefits); - Financial assets within the scope of IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement; - Investment property measured at fair value (IAS 40 Investment Property); - Biological assets related to agricultural activity that are measured at fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs (IAS 41 Agriculture); - Deferred acquisition costs and intangible assets, arising from insurance contracts within the scope of IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts; and - Non-current assets (or disposal groups) classified as held for sale in accordance Epstein and Jermacowicz, (2007) further states that, the recoverable amount of an asset is measured whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. At each reporting date, an entity assesses whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. However, intangible assets having an indefinite useful life must be tested annually for impairment. The impairment test is required to be applied to a cash generating unit, that is, the smallest group of assets for which the entity has identifiable cash flows. Here the impairment test carried out according to Cairns (2005), If the recoverable amount of an asset is less than the asset's carrying amount the asset is impaired the asset's carrying amount should be reduced to recoverable amount debit expense, credit assetIn other words, the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets in the cash generating unit is compared with the fair value or value in use ( calculated as the present value of the cash flows expected to be generated from using the asset). The higher of value in use and fair value is taken and compared with the carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amou

Form and Structure for The Mikado Essay Example for Free

Form and Structure for The Mikado Essay Gilbert and Sullivans The Mikado is an operetta and it is played sometimes melodramatically, sometimes realistically. The main theme of The Mikado is love. Its main content is a parody of general love stories that start and end happily ever after. This makes it humorous. It is also a satire of the British Empress of India, Queen Victoria. * Although it is an operetta, the Mikado is a well-made play; it has a beginning, middle and end. * Yum-Yum is in love with herself; this is shown at the preparation of her marriage. Nanki-Poo does love Yum-Yum but he is only looking for an escape from Katisha, and Ko-Kos love for Katisha is purely to save him from death. A lot of the story is based around execution because Ko-Kos job is Lord High Executioner. Nanki-Poo wants to be executed at one point because he thinks that he can never get Yum-Yum. This keeps the audience interested because they would want to see how an execution would be staged as such staging rarely happens. This is a plot device to complicate the narrative so that the story becomes ever more farcical. For example Ko-Ko receives a message from the Mikado stating there has been a lack of executions so Ko-Ko must execute someone within a month. This makes things more difficult because Ko-Ko must kill himself before he executes anyone else. Structure The Mikado conforms to a structure typical of many of the Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. This structure represents a triangle: First it includes an aural factor of lush, enjoyable music, which get the audiences feat tapping in the theatre. Second, it includes a visual factor of a colourful, striking setting which make the audience amazed by the set. Third, it includes an intellectual factor of a ridiculous, amusing, topically satiric story, which adds comedy, and the audience laugh. The play starts with the introduction to all the characters, making it easy for the audience to understand the characters better. The situation is set and the story is structured, the conflict begins and the action gets underway. The middle lets the story flow smoothly, more comical happenings such as when Katisha wants to give away Nanki Poos true identity. The ending is conventionally and traditionally happy with everyone gleeful. But, ironically, there are no elements of true love in the plot. Gilbert and Sullivan vary the type of songs to keep the audience entertained. There are solos, duets, trios, madrigals and full cast ensembles. Solos are used to focus the scene on only one character and how they feel. E. g. Nanki-Poo. Duets are usually used when two people are in love or if two people have a problem, e. g. Yum-Yum and Nanki-Poo. Trios are used when a lot of information is given out for the audience to take in, e. g. Yum-Yum, Peep-Bo and Pitti-Sing. Three little maids from school are we. The madrigal is sung before the wedding. This song is so that the characters can thoroughly enjoy themselves and it livens up the moment by four people singing the same thing. Probably singing in harmonious unison. The full cast ensembles are there to introduce the large characters e. g. the Mikado; these songs are lively and let the audience imagine what is about to come, Miya Sama Miya Sama.

Similarities between Business & Military Strategy Essay -- War and Bus

The Art of War and todays business have many common characteristics. Sun Tzu has analyzed war from different angles like moral laws, time period, chances of life and death, skills of the commander and the maintaince of the army. The same analyses can be made for todays business environment. War is a position where only the strong have the ability to survive, or at least the stronger ones have the higher probability to survive. Similarly todays business environment and the character of business people, their agressiveness, motivation, stress are all similar to ancient soldiers and commanders. The comparisons between war and business life are similar in five ways. 'These are the way, the weather, the terrain, the leadership and dicipline.' First of them is the way. In war the way you have to avoid from the strong andstrike at weak. Therefore at the beginning when you want to grow your business you don't neet to challange stronger rivals at first, you have to grow first by challanging the weak rivals in the busin...

Need for Immigration Reform

Immigration refers to the movement of people from one country to settle in another. In the United States of America, foreigners have since time immemorial been moving in and settling in the U.S. Immigration brings about culture change as different people have varying cultures. There has been sharp disintegration between those who are naturally in the U.S and those who came to settle there. In most cases they were excluded from the U.S citizenship. The Mc Carran-Walter Act, which is also known as the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, establishes the basic laws of citizenship and immigration in the U.S. over the years this law has undergone several changes. The law initially admitted a certain number of immigration of each nationality. This means that on attaining the specified number of immigrants other people were excluded from U.S. (Bromwell 225) In 1965, the congress passed a law that paved way to immigrants with certain skills needed by the U.S. It also allowed close relatives of U.S citizens the preference to live in U.S. In 1990, a law was passed that reinforced the 1965 one. Aliens were allowed to attain U.S citizenship but after being admitted as legal immigrants. Again, those who fled to the U.S after being officially certified as refugees could receive immigrant status. The legal system in the U.S was racial discriminatory. The sequence of laws from 1882 through 1934 excluded immigrants from China, Japan, India and the Philippines. It was therefore biased.( http://www.umass.edu/complit/aclanet/usMigrat.html) The Chinese exclusion of Act of 1882 prohibited citizenship for Chinese immigrants in 1884, 1886 and 1888 other acts were passed to reinforce this act. It was the only act that was so explicit on race-based immigration. The Immigration Act of 1917: Exclusion of Asian Indians Act. This Act was passed basing on the fact that their racial and ethnic status was not well elaborated. In 1922, Japan born applicants who had lived in the U.S for most of their lives could not get U.S citizenship. This was done with the argument that their language differed very much from the U.S and this would create problems. However, so as not to create problems based on color, the court defined white as ‘Caucasian’. In 1923, as immigrants from India and Bhagat Singh Thind attempted to claim that they were ‘Caucasian’. The court changed the definition. It sidelined anthropological and historical issues to coin a word that would not cause much attention. It also separated the desirable immigrants form the undesirable ones. (Josiah 57) The Immigration Act of 1924 excluded Japanese from U.S citizenship. This act totally excluded Japanese and other Asian who had been barred by the 1790 Naturalization law that stated that only whites could be naturalized as citizens. It was aimed at reducing or balancing ethnic distribution as immigrants from Europe and Asia were increasing drastically. (Miller et al, 304) The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1932 excluded Filipino’s easy access to its citizenship it reduced the number of persons to be taken in to  ¼ of 50 persons per year. Filipinos living in the U.S were named or titled ‘aliens’. The U.S reaction against the Filipino’s was connected with issue of Philippine independence from U.S colonization. This was like a hit back gesture towards the Filipinos. (http://www.umass.edu/complit/aclanet/usMigrat.html) In 1913, 1920, 1923 alien land laws prohibited the Asians, immigrants’ from owning any form of property including land. The U.S considered those who were not whites ineligible to acquire citizenship and consequently could not own property. The Asian Barred Zone Act of 1917, denied people from South Asia to South East Asia and the islands. In the Indian and Pacific oceans surprisingly, it excluded American possessions of the Philippines and Guam. The Magnuson Act of 1943 brought a significant change to the plight of immigrants of Asian origin. It repealed the 1882 exclusion act that prohibited immigrants of Asian origin from gaining U.S citizenship. It established a quota for Chinese immigrants and made Chinese eligible for citizenship. (Bromwell 225) The Mc Carran Act of 1952 abolished the 1917 Asia Barred Zone Act and allowed Asian immigration into the United States based on ethnic quotas. The quotas were not specified on nationality but through racialized ethnic categories. 100 ethnic persons were allowed to enter U.S annually. These were from diverse nations. The Cold War effects made the U.S to have strict quotas that were based on strategic territorial mapping. Any alien who engaged in questionable activities would be deported on the claims of ‘public interest ‘or ‘national security’ threat issues. (Miller et al, 57) The 1965 immigration act removed ‘natural origins’ as the basis of the U.S immigration legislation. This is say that considering citizens only by birth was eliminated. It was an amendment of the 1952 Mc Carren Act. It gave preferences to people of the Eastern Hemisphere and allowed their adult unmarried sons and daughters to be citizens. Spouses and unmarried sons and daughters of permanent residents could also gain U.S citizenship. Professionals, scientists and artists who had extreme capabilities were allowed in too. Other categories of people who got U.S citizenship were married adults sons and daughters of U.S citizenship, brothers and sisters of adult citizens, workers both skilled and unskilled who would fill the deficient labor supply in the U.S as well as refugees who came from communist based countries. Those affected by natural calamities were also allowed. After 1965, legal regulations on immigration shifted their focus or refocused on how definition was put. For instance ‘alien’ was replaced with illegal. The Asia immigrant history is reflected in the Asian American culture and they do remember how the U.S segregated them. The Indochina migration and refugee Assistance Act of 1975, the Refugee Act of 1980, and the Amerasian homecoming Act of 1987 facilitated the immigration and settlement of Southeast Asian refugees. The Asian immigration comprised immigrants from South Korea, Philippines, South Vietnam and Cambodia and was due to U.S colonialism, war and neocolonialism. Most Asians immigrated due to disruption by colonialism or distortions form neocolonial practices like capitalism or due to war. In 1986 the Immigrant Reform and Control Act was put in place. It was to reform the current situation on immigration. The Immigration Act of 1990 reinforced it. Illegal citizens got citizenship those who were there before 1982. It was a crime to hire illegal immigrants. Immigration today is still a sensitive mater than creates, contradictions between the capital and the state, economic and political imperatives.   Californians Proposition 187 was passed in 1994 and it denies education and medical care to illegal immigrants. It is observed that groups aimed here are Mexicans and Latinos. Latinos and Mexicans have provided semi-skilled labor to the U.S since the 1950’s. They work in farms, hotels and domestic services in U.S and they get low wages for that. They work under poor conditions. The U.S does not improve their working conditions and those positions do not attract its own citizens. This perpetuates the movement of illegal immigration in search for low wage jobs. (George 52) The 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 made significant changes on asylum law, immigration detention, and criminal-related immigration. The Real ID Act of 2005 was aimed at barring terrorism. National standards were established, waiving laws that interfered with construction of physical barriers at the borders. It entailed frightening laws on application for asylum and alien deportation for terrorism activity. The government funded reports with security and changing visa limits for temporary workers. After the 9/11 U.S had to reform the immigration laws. Entry of civil immigration was to be put into the national crime information center, a computer crime database to criminalize it. Deportation was to take place. People supporting immigrants would be jailed. Employees will be required to verify their employee’s eligibility to work through the employment eligibility verification systems. Illegal workers were to be granted guest workers visas. H-1 B visas would be designed for comprises to employ temporary skilled workers. There is need to reform the current, immigration rules and regulations in U.S. the rule of verifying ones immigration status even in churches is an extreme. It reduces the work of the church leaders to immigration enforcement officials. Being penalized for helping immigrants who in most cases are poor is jeopardizing with Christians faith of a call to help. It will create conflict between the church and the state. (Bill Ong Hing 79) Today, the system will fail to attract and retain legal permanent immigrants who are most able to contribute valuable human resources to the country. Reforms ought to be done to legal permanent and temporary systems to promote recruitment and retainment of migrants who can contribute to the U.S national interest in immigration.   Reforming of changing the institutional and regulatory structure governing the employment of immigrants within the U.S to ensure migrants contribute maximally to development of U.S and at reduced costs. Immigration control policies should be changed and immigration should not be used as a tool of foreign policy. ( http://ccis-ucsd.org/publication/wrkg132.pdf) The government should tackle long-term issues regarding to the immigrants role in the economy instead of tackling new temporary worker program. The immigration bill will cost the country a lot of money and this would be jeopardized if ID theft were carried out. Creation of Employment Eligibility Verification (EEV) systems that will entail high levels of sharing of information across many electronic databases can be easily tampered. EEV’S will expose people’s personal information like social security records, passport and visa records and even birth and death records, all of which can be used for identity. The 2005 House of Representatives bill 4437 (H.R 4437) about creating a fence along Mexico and criminalizing the aiding of illegal immigrants and mandatory detention of illegal aliens is an in called for measure. It is against the international human rights as the immigrants are people who have rights.   Detaining someone without evidence of crime committed is an unfair act. Although the H-1 B visas will allow immigrants to work in U.S companies temporarily is not good enough. There will be extreme competition for the visas provided. The industries that benefit a lot from foreign expertise will not optimize their production, as they would want the number of visas increased. ( Bill Ong Hing 79) More rational and long-term solutions should be sought to replace the harsh penalties that have been put in place. The process of legally attempting to enter the U.S and the workforce is not only complex but also expensive and time consuming even for those who would could add value to the country’s human resource. Immigration to Australia is different from the U.S. the country has a strong economy and attracts highly skilled young people who are willing. It uses fair criteria in absorbing immigrants into its workforce. It applies one’s qualifications, work experience as well as language proficiency. It has established immigration programs like the Humanitarian Program and Australian Family Migration. It emphasizes on attracting people who can contribute positively to the economy. It assists immigrants in settling by helping them reside in areas of their choice. Canada is one of the world’s top immigration destination and more than 200,000 new arrivals come under the Canada immigration system annually. It is easier to settle in Canada and obtaining a visa is not very difficult. Like Australia, Canada encourages people with skills and experience and those who are to venture into business. A large proportion of immigration to Canada is under family re union and refugee programs. It also allows for people who are on holidays. Germany on the other hand attempts to encourage the highly skilled workers low skilled workers will therefore find its accessibility difficult. Professors, natural scientists, engineers and scientific qualified personnel in high technologies find immigration easy. They are also given permanent residence and their family members allowed working in Germany as well. Self employed immigrants or entrepreneurs are also allowed as long as they create jobs for Germans and makes profits. Through the Schengen Agreement people can travel through the Schengen countries with one schengen visa. Policy makers should see the global market for immigrants as an opportunity. The visa laws should take advantage of the situation by ensuring that the recruitment process is beneficial to the country through enabling retainment of needed immigrants. Economic migration will be beneficial to the country’s economy. The legal visa system fails to meet its goals. It is outdated and waiting lists for some family visas take more than 20 years. This hinders family members who applied at the prime of their lives to be eventually denied the chance until they are at their retirement age and can add very little if any economic contribution. (http://ccis-ucsd.org/publication/wrkg132.pdf) The logic of family reunion is at times not realized and this is a cause of illegal migration due to frustrations experienced. Setting numerical limits of how many are to be accepted in the system will not be a successful measure unless there is an establishment of flexible numerical limits with mechanisms put in place for adjusting the limits up or down. The criteria used to come up with the limits as to which one should not exceed is also questionable. There could lack consensus on how much the number should be causing loopholes in the system. Immigrants have been beneficial to the U.S economy and they contribute to majority of the new jobs. The issue of immigration is a politicized issue and the point is lost when politics outshine facts and economics. Immigrants should not be harshly treated. Family based visa rules should be restructured to attain the sole purpose of family reunion visas. However this should not outshine the economic function role. Temporary visas are not the best to attract the most outstanding immigrants. Very harsh measures on immigrants who are basically looking for better lives in lesser paying jobs are uncalled for. The many undocumented immigrants do not actually cause a threat to the U.S security. They suffer a lot due to the limited access to social and political services. Criminalizing undocumented immigrants will be a problem as it will encourage more activities in the black market and it won’t be economically viable for the U.S. Tightening security at the borders is a brilliant idea but the rate at which deaths are registered is alarming. If policies were more accommodating this should not be occurring. Increasing the staff and the technology to speed up legal entries will be an appropriate measure in ensuring that immigrants are cleared up faster. According to the conservatives deportation act will not be economically viable to the country. They support the immigrants in fighting for their rights through numerous strikes and demonstrations. The libels support the government in enforcing its sanctions. They are willing and ready to support the government in fighting its enemies be it foreign or domestic.   Conservatives advocate for creation of new legal channels for immigrants. However, protection of national security should not be neglected. To prevent future illegal border crossing the congress should grant immigrants already in U.S form of legal status. Works cited: Jana Evans-Braziel.History of migration and immigration laws in the United States. General premises of US Citizens.Retreived on 29th October 2007 from http://www.umass.edu/complit/aclanet/usMigrat.html Marc R.Rosenblum.US Immigration Reform can the system Be repaired. Retrieved on 29th October 2006 from   http://ccis-ucsd.org/publication/wrkg132.pdf Bromwell W. Jeremy. History of Immigrants to the United States, A M Kelley, 1969.pp 225 Miller E Willard and Ruby M: United States Immigration. A Reference handbook 1996 JV6465 M55.pp304. Josiah M Herman: Finding a Moral heart for US Migration policy. An anthropological Perspective.pp57 Roy H.Beck: The Case Against migration NewYork, 1996,pp40 George J.Borjas: Heavens doors. Princeton University Press.1999, pp52. Bill O. Hing: The immigrant as criminal: Punishing dreamers.9 Hasting women’s law 1998 Journal 79   

The Princess fairytales

â€Å"How have I become who I am today? † This is a question that adults ponder on a daily basis. There is a large amount of resources such as authoritative figures, books and experiences, which can influence your character. There is however, an important force that contributes to a human’s characteristics today- fairytales. Fairytales are fanciful tale of legendary deeds and creatures, usually intended for children. What is not known though is what effect a fairytale has on a person today. Bruno Bettelheim’s The Uses of Enchantment, reveals a revelation on the enormous value of fairytales. In order to support Bettelheim’s theories the fairytales The Princess and the Frog, The Little Mermaid, The Mouse Princess and The Seventh Father of the House have been analyzed. Theories similar to Bettelheim’s by psychologists Sigmund Freud, Renee Hall and Jack Zipes are used to describe the meanings and importance of these fairytales. Characters representation in these fairytales support psychologists' theories such as those in Bruno Bettelheim's The Uses of Enchantment that suggest that fairytales have an influence on children through the principles of reality versus pleasure principle, self discovery and approach to problems. Representation of characters in the fairytales Princess and the Frog, The Little Mermaid and The Mouse Princess, support psychologists Bruno Bettelheim and Sigmund Freud's theories that suggest fairytales contribute to progress in a child through recognition of pleasure to the reality of life. Bruno Bettelheim develops the concept of the moral conscience first explored by Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud's theories says, † The commands of the moral conscience come from the personal perception and appropriation of values which we discover in the stories or examples of persons we want to be like†. SG1) Freud means to say that our thoughts come from our perceptions of stories or persons that we wish to be like. Bettelheim builds on this theory, and further explains, † Identification with [characters] teaches that there are developments-possibilities of progress from the pleasure principle to the reality principle†. (UE43) Bettelheim means that fairytales can help a c hild realize the difference between pleasure and reality, through the solutions characters find to their problems. For example, in the fairytale The Princess and the Frog, the main character Tiana is characterized as a girl who wishes upon an Evening Star. Tiana therefore finds pleasure in believing that her dreams can come true by wishing on the star. Reality is shown to Tiana by her father though, when he says, † †¦ that old star can only take you part of the way, you've got to help it along with some hard work of your own. † (P&F8) From this fairytale, a child can learn that success takes work and dedication, and that one must not believe in success coming instantly. Another fairytale where the reality versus pleasure principle can be shown is The Little Mermaid. Like Tiana, the little mermaid is a character who seeks pleasure in dreams of transforming from mermaid to human. The mermaid's reality though, shows in the excerpt that says, † A two-edged sword seemed to thrust itself through her delicate body; she fainted, and lay as though dead. † (LM61) Children can learn that in reality, a sacrifice, big or small, sometimes has to be made in order to achieve your goals in life. In the story The Mouse Princess, pleasure is shown by the Prince's brothers when they choose beauty in order to find success. Reality is shown to the brothers though, when the authors says,† Indeed, there was little to choose between them for looks and arrogance. (MP206/207) The Prince's brothers find that their wives were not adequate enough. A child gets the message from this fairytale that there are consequences when one does not search for quality in order to gain their desires in life. CONCLUSION The character's representation in the fairytales Princess and the Frog, The Seventh Father of the House, and The Little Mermaid, support the theories of psychologists Bruno Bettelheim and Megge Hill Fitz-Randolph which suggest that fairytales contribute to a child's progression through the process of self- discovery. In The Uses of Enchantment, Bettelheim states, â€Å"Children are searching for the solutions†¦ â€Å"Who am I? How ought I to deal with life's problems? â€Å"†¦ the fairytale has a consistent structure with a definite beginning and a plot that moves toward a satisfying solution which is reached at the end. † (UE47/57) Bettelheim explains that fairytales provide answers to important questions that children begin to question when their lives begin. The answers that they obtain help to shape the child's process of thought, leading him to discover his capabilities. The structure provided in the fairytale in turn gives the child a guideline to follow. A child identifies with the structures and characters, which both help the child understand why the child feels and thinks the way he or she does. Psychologist Megge Hill Fitz-Randolph, in her article entitled, Fairytales as Guide to Self Understanding, she says, â€Å"Due largely due to the work of Carl Jung, Marion Woodman, Joseph Campbell and others fairy tales along with myths have become a satisfying and surprising way to get a larger view of oneself†¦ Becoming one's authentic self or Individuation is always the endgame of the fairy tale’s journey. † (MR1) Randolph simply states that through reading and understanding fairytales, one can find themselves by the end of the story. The process of self discovery is shown in the fairytale The Princess and the Frog, when Tiana is faced with the problem of being magically turned into a frog. Tiana finds herself when the story states, â€Å"There was something special about her. She knew that my daddy taught me well. He always knew what was important. â€Å"(PF54) Throughout the story, Tiana finds that her strength is staying focused to the task that she had originally planned to succeed at, which was having her own restaurant. From this experience, a child learns that there may be extraordinary problems that one may encounter, but at the end of the trial, one will always learn something about himself. In the fairytale The Seventh Father of the House, the traveller discovers that he has the drive to follow through with his plans to find a place to stay. The traveller must ask seven men in order to find a place to stay. By the end of the process, the traveller finally asks,† Good Evening Father! Will you put me up for the night? † (7F14) By the end stage of this fairytale, the traveller has learnt that he indeed has the drive to follow through on plans, even though he had to go through many men in order to get to where he has ended. From this ordeal, a child learns that in order to find yourself, or what you are good at, you must never give up. The process of self discovery can finally be seen in the fairytale The Little Mermaid. The mermaid almost lost her life in an attempt to figure out what she truly wanted in her life. In a turn of events, the fairytale states, â€Å"The knife quivered in her hand-then she flung it far out in the waves; she looked at the prince, she threw herself from the ship into the sea, where she felt her body dissolving into foam. † (LM68) The mermaid thought she knew what she wanted, then realized that the suffering she had gone through was not worth her dream. A child can learn that one has to go through ordeals, big or small, and some may even suffer in the hopes of finally becoming the person he would like to be. CONCLUSION A character's representation in the fairytales The Princess and the Frog, The Mouse Princess and The Seventh Father of the House support psychologists Bruno Bettelheim and Jack Zipes theories that suggest fairytales contribute to the development of a child through the concept of the correct approach to problem solving. In The Uses of Enchantment, Bettelheim states that, † †¦ too many parents want their children's mind to function as their own do.. f he becomes more able to understand others, and eventually can relate to them in ways which are mutually satisfying and meaningful. â€Å"(UE1) This means that fairytales can help a child's mind function in a manner that is understanding to them and give the child proper problem solving skills that would be essential to them for the future. Jack Zipes analysis o f problem solving through fairytales can be found in his work entitled, Why Fairytales Stick, Zipes says, † fairy tales were designed to communicate ideas about natural instinct, social relations, normative behaviour, character types†¦ (JZ99). Zipes suggests that a fairytale was meant to serve the function of helping to solve problems, therefore shadowing the beliefs of Bettelheim. In the fairytale The Princess and the Frog, when Tiana turns into a frog, the reader is introduced to an unrealistic situation, but still a process where problem solving tactics are involved. Tiana was able to solve her problems by asking questions and making sure she received answers that would help her solve the dilemma. A child can learn the important skill of problem solving from Tiana by following in her footsteps and asking for help from the right person in order to solve a problem. In the fairytale The Seventh Father of the House, problems arise between the Prince and his brothers. The story says, â€Å"But the Countess and the Duke's daughter glared haughtily at one another over their bridegrooms' heads, all their past friendship forgotten in their present rivalry. † (MP215) The Prince was able to successfully find a bride through this hard work and perseverance. The Prince was able to solve his problem and gain positive aspects when he earned his father's crown, and earning the resentment of his lazy brothers. This story teaches children that without the correct problem solving skills, the result of the task will be negative. Similarly to Tiana, the traveller in The Seventh Father of the House was able to analyze the situation that he was put in, and ask a multitude of questions to several people, and finally able to find a healthy solution to his task- finding a place to stay. â€Å"How have I become who I am today? † This is a question that adults ponder on a daily basis. There is a large amount of resources such as authoritative figures, books and experiences, which can influence your character. There is however, an important force that contributes to a human’s characteristics today- fairytales. Fairytales are fanciful tale of legendary deeds and creatures, usually intended for children. What is not known though is what effect a fairytale has on a person today. Bruno Bettelheim’s The Uses of Enchantment, reveals a revelation on the enormous value of fairytales. In order to support Bettelheim’s theories the fairytales The Princess and the Frog, The Little Mermaid, The Mouse Princess and The Seventh Father of the House have been analyzed. Theories similar to Bettelheim’s by psychologists Sigmund Freud, Renee Hall and Jack Zipes are used to describe the meanings and importance of these fairytales. Characters representation in these fairytales support psychologists' theories such as those in Bruno Bettelheim's The Uses of Enchantment that suggest that fairytales have an influence on children through the principles of reality versus pleasure principle, self discovery and approach to problems. Representation of characters in the fairytales Princess and the Frog, The Little Mermaid and The Mouse Princess, support psychologists Bruno Bettelheim and Sigmund Freud's theories that suggest fairytales contribute to progress in a child through recognition of pleasure to the reality of life. Bruno Bettelheim develops the concept of the moral conscience first explored by Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud's theories says, † The commands of the moral conscience come from the personal perception and appropriation of values which we discover in the stories or examples of persons we want to be like†. SG1) Freud means to say that our thoughts come from our perceptions of stories or persons that we wish to be like. Bettelheim builds on this theory, and further explains, † Identification with [characters] teaches that there are developments-possibilities of progress from the pleasure principle to the reality principle†. (UE43) Bettelheim means that fairytales can help a c hild realize the difference between pleasure and reality, through the solutions characters find to their problems. For example, in the fairytale The Princess and the Frog, the main character Tiana is characterized as a girl who wishes upon an Evening Star. Tiana therefore finds pleasure in believing that her dreams can come true by wishing on the star. Reality is shown to Tiana by her father though, when he says, † †¦ that old star can only take you part of the way, you've got to help it along with some hard work of your own. † (P&F8) From this fairytale, a child can learn that success takes work and dedication, and that one must not believe in success coming instantly. Another fairytale where the reality versus pleasure principle can be shown is The Little Mermaid. Like Tiana, the little mermaid is a character who seeks pleasure in dreams of transforming from mermaid to human. The mermaid's reality though, shows in the excerpt that says, † A two-edged sword seemed to thrust itself through her delicate body; she fainted, and lay as though dead. † (LM61) Children can learn that in reality, a sacrifice, big or small, sometimes has to be made in order to achieve your goals in life. In the story The Mouse Princess, pleasure is shown by the Prince's brothers when they choose beauty in order to find success. Reality is shown to the brothers though, when the authors says,† Indeed, there was little to choose between them for looks and arrogance. (MP206/207) The Prince's brothers find that their wives were not adequate enough. A child gets the message from this fairytale that there are consequences when one does not search for quality in order to gain their desires in life. CONCLUSION The character's representation in the fairytales Princess and the Frog, The Seventh Father of the House, and The Little Mermaid, support the theories of psychologists Bruno Bettelheim and Megge Hill Fitz-Randolph which suggest that fairytales contribute to a child's progression through the process of self- discovery. In The Uses of Enchantment, Bettelheim states, â€Å"Children are searching for the solutions†¦ â€Å"Who am I? How ought I to deal with life's problems? â€Å"†¦ the fairytale has a consistent structure with a definite beginning and a plot that moves toward a satisfying solution which is reached at the end. † (UE47/57) Bettelheim explains that fairytales provide answers to important questions that children begin to question when their lives begin. The answers that they obtain help to shape the child's process of thought, leading him to discover his capabilities. The structure provided in the fairytale in turn gives the child a guideline to follow. A child identifies with the structures and characters, which both help the child understand why the child feels and thinks the way he or she does. Psychologist Megge Hill Fitz-Randolph, in her article entitled, Fairytales as Guide to Self Understanding, she says, â€Å"Due largely due to the work of Carl Jung, Marion Woodman, Joseph Campbell and others fairy tales along with myths have become a satisfying and surprising way to get a larger view of oneself†¦ Becoming one's authentic self or Individuation is always the endgame of the fairy tale’s journey. † (MR1) Randolph simply states that through reading and understanding fairytales, one can find themselves by the end of the story. The process of self discovery is shown in the fairytale The Princess and the Frog, when Tiana is faced with the problem of being magically turned into a frog. Tiana finds herself when the story states, â€Å"There was something special about her. She knew that my daddy taught me well. He always knew what was important. â€Å"(PF54) Throughout the story, Tiana finds that her strength is staying focused to the task that she had originally planned to succeed at, which was having her own restaurant. From this experience, a child learns that there may be extraordinary problems that one may encounter, but at the end of the trial, one will always learn something about himself. In the fairytale The Seventh Father of the House, the traveller discovers that he has the drive to follow through with his plans to find a place to stay. The traveller must ask seven men in order to find a place to stay. By the end of the process, the traveller finally asks,† Good Evening Father! Will you put me up for the night? † (7F14) By the end stage of this fairytale, the traveller has learnt that he indeed has the drive to follow through on plans, even though he had to go through many men in order to get to where he has ended. From this ordeal, a child learns that in order to find yourself, or what you are good at, you must never give up. The process of self discovery can finally be seen in the fairytale The Little Mermaid. The mermaid almost lost her life in an attempt to figure out what she truly wanted in her life. In a turn of events, the fairytale states, â€Å"The knife quivered in her hand-then she flung it far out in the waves; she looked at the prince, she threw herself from the ship into the sea, where she felt her body dissolving into foam. † (LM68) The mermaid thought she knew what she wanted, then realized that the suffering she had gone through was not worth her dream. A child can learn that one has to go through ordeals, big or small, and some may even suffer in the hopes of finally becoming the person he would like to be. CONCLUSION A character's representation in the fairytales The Princess and the Frog, The Mouse Princess and The Seventh Father of the House support psychologists Bruno Bettelheim and Jack Zipes theories that suggest fairytales contribute to the development of a child through the concept of the correct approach to problem solving. In The Uses of Enchantment, Bettelheim states that, † †¦ too many parents want their children's mind to function as their own do.. f he becomes more able to understand others, and eventually can relate to them in ways which are mutually satisfying and meaningful. â€Å"(UE1) This means that fairytales can help a child's mind function in a manner that is understanding to them and give the child proper problem solving skills that would be essential to them for the future. Jack Zipes analysis o f problem solving through fairytales can be found in his work entitled, Why Fairytales Stick, Zipes says, † fairy tales were designed to communicate ideas about natural instinct, social relations, normative behaviour, character types†¦ (JZ99). Zipes suggests that a fairytale was meant to serve the function of helping to solve problems, therefore shadowing the beliefs of Bettelheim. In the fairytale The Princess and the Frog, when Tiana turns into a frog, the reader is introduced to an unrealistic situation, but still a process where problem solving tactics are involved. Tiana was able to solve her problems by asking questions and making sure she received answers that would help her solve the dilemma. A child can learn the important skill of problem solving from Tiana by following in her footsteps and asking for help from the right person in order to solve a problem. In the fairytale The Seventh Father of the House, problems arise between the Prince and his brothers. The story says, â€Å"But the Countess and the Duke's daughter glared haughtily at one another over their bridegrooms' heads, all their past friendship forgotten in their present rivalry. † (MP215) The Prince was able to successfully find a bride through this hard work and perseverance. The Prince was able to solve his problem and gain positive aspects when he earned his father's crown, and earning the resentment of his lazy brothers. This story teaches children that without the correct problem solving skills, the result of the task will be negative. Similarly to Tiana, the traveller in The Seventh Father of the House was able to analyze the situation that he was put in, and ask a multitude of questions to several people, and finally able to find a healthy solution to his task- finding a place to stay.

Electronic Medical Records Speech Essay Example

Electronic Medical Records Speech Essay Example Electronic Medical Records Speech Essay Electronic Medical Records Speech Essay Electronic Medical Records Speech HCR 240 University of Phoenix March 27, 2011 Electronic medical records stores physician’s reports of examinations, surgical procedures, tests, X-rays, and other clinical information that is necessary for taking care of patients. Electronic medical records also provide access to data for research and quality improvement purposes. EMR’s also allows immediate access to health information, computerized physician order management, clinical decision support, automated alerts and reminders which alerts the staff regarding important information for the patient such as follow up on testing, or if a result is critical, and it also provides error reduction. Some EMR’s allows patients to access their own medical records (Sanderson, p. 24-25). Practice management is used by most offices to complete routine office tasks, including patient scheduling, recording patient information, creating and transmitting electronic claims, receiving electronic payments, billing patients, creating financial reports, and collecting overdue accounts (Sanderson, p. 26-27). Practice management is very useful in order for a medical office to survive. It helps with accuracy and timely records that are required to determine whether the practice is profitable. PMPs are also important for tax-reporting (Sanderson, p. 27). PMPs contain information about each patient, such as names, addresses, contact numbers, insurance coverage, information about each provider, including facts about providers, referring providers, and outside providers such as labs. Practice management also collect data about the health plans used by the practice’s patients. PMP’s have codes used by the practice to note a diagnosis and the treatment provided, as well as the facility where the treatment was provided. When the program contains all of the data the software can be used in a medical office and perform many of the office computer duties (Sanderson, p. 6). PMP’s have the ability to schedule appointments. The scheduling helps with double booking and gives accurate times the patient can be seen. Most of the PMP programs will print out a page that gives the office staff the patients that are going to be seen that day (Sanderson, p. 26). PMP also helps with claims and billing. Insurance claims and patient sta tements need to be accurate and the PMP’s can help with that. Patient data and transaction data are two things that practice management programs require. Patient data is personal information about the patient and their medical insurance coverage. Transaction data is the date the patient visits the doctor, and the type of treatment, the diagnosis and procedure codes, and if the patient made any payments. With this program all the office staff has to do is enter the information and submit it to the insurance company. It is more accurate than doing it by hand. When the insurance company receives the claim, they will perform an edit and send it back to the health care facility. It makes the process much faster (Sanderson, p. 27-28). When a patient makes a payment at the office the amount is entered into the PMP and a walkout statement is given to the patient. A remittance advice with payment from a health plan usually pays for a number of patients and claims at once. Once the payments listed on the RA are entered in the PMP and applied to each account. Some practices use an automated process called out posting to record this information in the program. Without posting it makes the process much faster (Sanderson, 28-29). The computer software will benefit most health care facilities. It provides more accurate information and faster way to receive payment from the insurance company and the patients. In a medical setting the computers are linked together so more than one person can enter patient information and it allows for sharing patient information. Information on the computer system is much easier than looking in multiple files trying to find the right one. With the computer system all you have to do is enter the last name or the date of birth. Electronic medical records help with the loss of files or misplaced files and it helps with privacy of the patient’s information. With the EMR it makes more room in the office because you do not have to worry about filing systems. Charting is done a lot faster and more accurately. Most medical errors are because of charting on the wrong chart, with the EMR’s it makes that less possible (Sanderson, p. 31). References Sanderson S, Computers In the Medical Office sixth edition. Pages 24-30, retrieved on March 26, 2011

What Allahu Akbar Means

What Allahu Akbar Means Although most often translated as God is great, Allahu Akbar is Arabic for God is greater or God is greatest. The phrase, known as takbir in Arabic, is expressive of a range of moods and occasions in the Islamic world, from displays of approval and happiness to entreaties or spiritual and at times propagandistic cheerleading during political rallies. Allahu Akbar is also spoken during salat, the five-times-daily prayer, and by muezzins as they chant the call to prayer from their minarets. Allahu Akbar in International News The phrase has been tainted by its usage, or rather misuse, by Islamist extremists, Salafists, and terrorists, including the 9/11 terrorists, several of whom carried copies of handwritten letters exhorting them to strike like champions who do not want to go back to this world. Shout, Allahu Akbar, because this strikes fear in the hearts of the nonbelievers. The phrase was also used with political undertones during Irans 1979 Islamic Revolution, as Iranians took to their roofs and shouted Allahu Akbar in defiance of the shahs regime. Iranians returned to the ritual in the aftermath of the fraudulent presidential election of June 2009. Common Misspellings: Allah Akbar

Bottled Water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bottled Water - Essay Example Much of this available water is located rather from human populations thus further complicating issues of water use. 505,000 km, or a layer 1.4 metres thick, evaporates from the oceans annually. Another 72 000 km. evaporates from the land. About 80 percent of all precipitation, or about 458 000 km/year, falls on the oceans and the remaining 119,000 km/year falls on land. The difference between precipitation on land surfaces and evaporation from those surfaces (119 000 km3minus 72 000 km3annually) is run-off and groundwater recharge - approximately 47 000 km. annually (Gleick 1993). More than one-half of all run-off occurs in Asia and South America, and a large fraction occurs in a single river, the Amazon, which carries more than 6,000 km of water a year (Shiklomanov 1999). Water development projects during the 20th century have had significant impacts on freshwater ecosystems by eliminating marshes and wetlands, removing water for other uses, altering flows, and contaminating water with industrial and human wastes. In many rivers and lakes, ecosystem functions have been lost or impaired. In some areas, growing water demand has led to reductions in the volume of large rivers, affecting riverine and adjacent coastal areas (CSD 1997a). was held in 1977 in Mar del Plata, Argentina. ... was held in 1977 in Mar del Plata, Argentina. The focus on human needs led to the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade(1981-90) and the efforts of the United Nations and other international organizations to provide basic water services (UN 2000). The concept of meeting basic water needs was reaffirmed during the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and expanded to include ecological water needs. A United Nations report (UN 1999) recognized that all people require access to adequate amounts of safe water, for drinking, sanitation and hygiene. Indeed, the Second World Water Forum and Ministerial Conference in The Hague in 2000 produced a strong statement from more than 100 ministers in support of re-emphasizing basic human needs as a priority for nations, international organizations and donors. Providing urban dwellers with safe water and sanitation services has remained a particular challenge. Some 170 million developing country urban dwellers were provided with safe water and 70 million with appropriate sanitation during the first half of the 1990s but this had limited impact because about 300 million more urban residents still lacked access to safe water supply, while nearly 600 million lacked adequate sanitation by the end of 1994 (CSD 1997b). However, a major area of success in many developing countries is related to investments in wastewater treatment over the past 30 years which have 'halted the decline in - or actually improved - the quality of surfacewater' (World Water Council 2000b). Water quality Water quality problems can often be as severe as those of water availability but less attention has been paid to them, particularly in developing regions. Sources of pollution include untreated